Showing posts with label Once Upon Time In Nusantara. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Once Upon Time In Nusantara. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 11, 2012

Beginnings to 1500: The Old Kingdoms and the Coming of Islam


about 100

"Dvipantara" or "Jawa Dwipa" kingdom is reported by Indian scholars to be in Java and Sumatra.
Prince Aji Saka introduces writing system to Java based on scripts of southern India.
Hindu kings rule the area around Kutai on Kalimantan.
"Langasuka" kingdom founded around Kedah in Malaya.

The secret route Majapahit kingdom troops war


Temple Penataran since 1200 AD was the lighthouse's Hindus in the eastern parts of Java Island. The temple was built Queen Srengga of Kediri in 1190, they nevertheless can be reached from four departments namely: Wates path, the path of Kediri and Majapahit; lane Selorejo reservoirs, Ngantang, track the Majapahit and Singosari Malang; Rambut Monte line, track the Singosari; and last lines of local residents.

Temple Penataran located in northwest corner of the city of Blitar. From the tomb of Bung Karno 8 km straight course to the North.

HISTORY OF NUSANTARA IN THE ERA OF HINDU-BUDDHIST KINGDOMS


Indonesia began to develop in the days of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom thanks to trade relations with neighboring countries or further afield such as India, China and the Middle East region. Hinduism arrived in Indonesia is estimated at the beginning of the Tarikh AD, brought by travelers from India, among others: Maha Rishi Agastya in Java known as Guru or Dwipayana and travelers from China of the Buddhist Pilgrim Pahyien.

Two great kingdoms in this age is Sriwijaya and Majapahit. During the 7th century until the 14th century, the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya flourished on Sumatra. Explorers China I-Tsing visiting the capital of Palembang about 670 years. In his prime, Srivijaya controlled areas of West Java and as far as Malays Peninsula. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of a Hindu empire in East Java, Majapahit. Patih Majapahit between years 1331 to 1364, Gajah Mada, succeeded in obtaining power over what is now part of Indonesia and its magnitude is almost the entire peninsula Malays. Inherited from the Gajah Mada, including codifying the law and in Javanese culture, as seen in the epic Ramayana.

The History of Serdang Sultanate

history
The inception of Serdang Sultanate is closely related with the glory of Aceh Darussalam Sultanate. The Commander in Chief of Army and Commander of Fleet of the Sultanate called Sri Paduka Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan became the main figure of Serdang Sultanate establishment. Under the command of Sri Paduka Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan, Aceh Darussalam Sultanate which was under the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636 AD), succeeded in conquering the lands along the West Coast and East Coast of Sumatra, including Johor and Pahang (1617 AD), Kedah (1620 AD), Nias (1624 AD), and others.

Sri Paduka Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan in title of ”Laksamana Kuda Bintan”, was allegedly the same person with Laksamana Malem Dagang, the leader of Aceh Darussalam in the fight against the Portuguese in 1629. Due his devotion to Aceh Darussalam Sultanate, Sultan Iskandar Muda was pleased to inaugurate Sri Paduka Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan as his representative to lead Haru region (East Sumatra) in 1632. Haru was one of the kingdoms conquered by Sri Paduka Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan. The administration of Haru under Sri Paduka Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan changed to become Deli Sultanate.

Ada Apa di Balik Nusantara ?


Bangsa Indonesia sungguh berbeda dengan bangsa-bangsa lain yang ada di muka bumi. Perbedaan paling mencolok adalah jerih payahnya saat membangun dan merintis berdirinya bangsa sebesar nusantara ini.
Kita semua paham bila berdirinya bangsa dan negara Indonesia berkat perjuangan heroik para leluhur kita. Dengan mengorbankan harta-benda, waktu, tenaga, pikiran, darah, bahkan pengorbanan nyawa. Demi siapakah ? Bukan demi kepentingan diri mereka sendiri, lebih utama demi kebahagiaan dan kesejahteraan anak turunnya, para generasi penerus bangsa termasuk kita semua yang sedang membaca tulisan ini. Penderitaan para leluhur bangsa bukanlah sembarang keprihatinan hidup. Jika dihitung sejak masa kolonialisme bangsa Baratdi bumi nusantara, para leluhur perintis bangsa melakukan perjuangan kemerdekaan selama kurang-lebih dari 350 tahun lamanya. Belum lagi jika dihitung dari era jatuhannya Kerajaan Majapahit yang begitu menyakitkan hati.

Perjuangan bukan saja menguras tenaga dan harta benda, bahkan telah menggilas kesempatan hidup, menyirnakan kebahagiaan, memberangus ketentraman lahir dan batin, hati yang tersakiti, ketertindasan, harga diri yang diinjak dan terhina. Segala perjuangan, penderitaan dan keprihatinan menjadi hal yang tak terpisahkan karena, perjuangan dilakukan dalam suasana yang penuh kekurangan. Kurang sandang pangan, kurang materi, dan kekurangan dana. Itulah puncak penderitaan hidup yang lengkap mencakup multi dimensi. Penderitaan berada pada titik nadzir dalam kondisi sedih, nelangsa, perut lapar, kekurangan senjata, tak cukup beaya namun kaki harus tetap tegap berdiri melakukan perlawanan mengusir imperialism dan kolonialism tanpa kenal lelah dan pantang mengeluh. Jika kita resapi, para leluhur perintis bangsa zaman dahulu telah melakukan beberapa laku prihatin yang teramat berat dan sulit dicari tandingannya sbb ;

1. Tapa Ngrame; ramai dalam berjuang sepi dalam pamrih mengejar kepentingan pribadi.


2. Tapa Brata; menjalani perjuangan dengan penuh kekurangan materiil. Perjuangan melawan kolonialism tidak hanya dilakukan dengan berperang melawan musuh, namun lebih berat melawan nafsu pribadi dan nafsu jasad (biologis dan psikis).

3. Lara Wirang; harga diri dipermalukan, dihina, ditindas, diinjak, tak dihormati, dan nenek moyang bangsa kita pernah diperlakukan sebagai budak di rumahnya sendiri.

4. Lara Lapa; segala macam penderitaan berat pernah dialami para leluhur perintis bangsa.

5. Tapa Mendhem; para leluhur banyak yang telah gugur sebelum merdeka, tidak menikmati buah yang manis atas segala jerih payahnya. Berjuang secara tulus, dan segala kebaikannya dikubur sendiri dalam-dalam tak pernah diungkit dan dibangkit-bangkit lagi.


6. Tapa Ngeli; para leluhur bangsa dalam melakukan perjuangan kepahlawanannya dilakukan siang malam tak kenal menyerah. Penyerahan diri hanya dilakukan kepada Hyang Mahawisesa (Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa).

The Legend of Prambanan Temple



Once upon a time, in Prambanan, Java Island, there were two Hindu kingdoms, Pengging Kingdom and Kraton Boko (kraton means traditional kingdom in Java). Pengging Kingdom was prosperous and rich, leaded by a wise king named Prabu Damar Moyo, with his son, Raden Bandung Bondowoso.

Kraton  Boko was in the area of Pengging kingdom, leaded by a cruel king, and bully, he wasn’t looked like a human being. He looked like a giant who ate human flesh, named Prabu Boko. But, nobody couldn’t understand how,  Prabu Boko had a beautiful prince, as beautiful as a fairy. Her Name was Princess Loro Jonggrang.
 

Prabu Boko also had a governor, a giant too, named Patih Gupolo. Prabu Boko wanted to rebel and dominated Pengging kingdom, so he and Patih Gupolo gathered their strength and food by training the soldiers and asked the people for their foods.
 
After they had had enough preparation, Prabu Boko and the soldiers went to Pengging kingdom to rebel. Then the war came between the soldiers of Pengging kingdom and Kraton Boko.

Many people were dying there, from both sides. The hunger and poverty came because of the war. Knowing the suffering people and dying soldiers, Prabu Damar Moyo sent his son Raden Bandung Bondowoso to fight Prabu Boko. They fought greatly, and because Raden Bandung Bondowoso was very strong, Prabu Boko could be beaten. Patih Gupolo saw that, and then he ran away. Raden Bandung Bondowoso chased after Patih Gupolo to Kraton Boko.

In Kraton Boko, Patih Gupolo reported to Princess Loro Jonggrang about her father’s shellacking, killed by Bandung Bondowoso. Then Princess Loro Jonggrang cried, she was sad because of the death of her father.
 
Raden Bandung Bondowoso arrived in Kraton Boko, and he was shocked of the beautiful Princess Loro Jonggrang, and he wanted to marry her.

Princess Loro Jonggrang didn’t want to marry him, since he killed her father in the war. To reject his marriage proposal kindly, she had an idea. She said she only wanted to marry Raden Bandung Bondowoso if he could fulfill two conditions. First, she wanted to get a well and the second condition, Princess Loro Jonggrang wanted 1000 temples in one night.

Raden Bandung bondowoso accepted those two conditions, then he made a well, named Jalatunda,, and after he had finished the well, he called Princess Loro Jonggrang to see the well.

Princess Loro Jonggrang asked Raden Bandung Bondowoso to get into the well. After he had been in there, Princess Loro Jonggrang asked Patih Gupolo to heap the well up with stones. Princess Loro Jonggrang and Patih Gupoolo thought that Bandung Bondowoso was dying in the well, but unfortunately, he wasn’t. He meditated to get out from the well, and He got out safely.
 
Raden Bandung Bondowoso met Princess Loro Jonggrang and was very angry because of what she had done. But Princess Loro jonggrang was too beautiful, he couldn’t angry anymore and finally his anger gone.

Princess Loro Jonggrang asked the second condition about 1000 temples in a night. With his supernatural power, Raden Bondowoso immediately asked genies to make the temple.

They worked greatly. Bandung Bondowoso got a huge number of genies. The temple had been half done, even it is still very long time before morning. Princess Loro Jonggrang saw that. Of course it was possible for the temples to be done in a night. She wanted to baffle Bandung Bondowoso and stopped him. She ordered the girls in the kingdom to pound and burn straw to make the entire kingdom bright and noisy as it was in the morning. The cocks crowed as the activities began there.

The genies saw those activities, the light in the east, and the cocks’ crow, then they stopped working. They reported to Raden Bandung Bondowoso that they couldn’t make it on time, they missed one temple. Princess Loro jonggrang came, and she counted the temples, and the genies were right, there were only 999 temples. Princess Loro Jonggrang then refused the marriage, as Raden bandung Bondowoso couldn’t finish 1000 temples.

Raden Bandung bondowoso had a feeling that it hadn’t been morning yet. And of course he realized that he had been tricked by Princess Loro Jonggrang as the real sun arose. Raden Bandung Bondowoos was very angry and he said to Princess Loro Jonggrang, “I need one more temple to complete all of these temples. Let you be the thousandth temple!” And once again with his supernatural work, Princess Loro Jonggrang was changed into a stone statue.

And until now, the statue of Loro jonggrang still remains in Prambanan Temple, and Raden Bandung Bondowoso cursed every girl around Prambanan so they became perawan kasep(old virgin) because they had helped Princess Loro Jonggrang.

And the old people believe anyone who date in Prambanan Temple will broke up.


THE LEGEND OF SANGKURIANG



In the time when west java was still thickly covered with woods and undergrowth and wonders existed, there reigned a king named Raden Sungging Pabangkara. He was a good ruler and he liked to go hunting in the forest.
In one of the forests the king often visited, there lived a she-ping, actually a cursed goddess. One day, she came out of her hiding place looking for water. There she saw a coconut shell filled with water. Gladly she drank it, having no suspicions whatsoever that it was the king’s urine, left there the day before when hunting. The consequences were very strange, she became pregnant. In a few months, she have birth to a very pretty girl. When the king was once again hunting in the forest, he saw the girl and-attracted by her beauty-he took her to his palace, called her Dayang Sumbi and treated her as his own daughter.
Dayang sumbi grew up to be a fine young girl, who was fond of weaving. One bright morning, as she was absorbed in weaving, her weaving-spool suddenly got loose. It flew out of the window to the field below. It was out of her reach, as her room was about three stories high. Quite at ease, she mumbled: “whoever is willing to help me pick up the spool, I’ll treat as my sister if she is a girl. If he is a man, I’ll take him as my husband”. These words were overheard by a dog, called tumang,who happened to came along. He immediately picked up the spool and brought it to Dayang Sumbi. Tumang was in fact a cursed god too, like the she-pig. Seeing the dog with the spool in his mouth, Dayang Sumbi fainted. Strangely, she underwent the same fate as her mother, the she-pig. She too became pregnant and a short time afterwards she gave birth to a strong healthy son, whom she called Sangkuriang.
Sangkuriang became a handsome young man. Like his grandfather, he was found of hunting in the forest and Tumang was his faithful friend when roaming the woods. He had no idea at all that Tumang was his own father. One day while hunting, they came across a fat pig. Sangkuriang strung his bow and z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z! The arrow hissed towards the she-pig, and hit but did not kill her. Wounded, she vanished into the undergrowth.
“Come on, Tumang, run after her!” Sangkuriang shouted, eager to taste the pork. Tumang, however, did not move. Whatever Sangkuriang said to urge Tumang to pursue the pig, it left him unmoved. Sangkuriang lost his self – control. Angrily, he killed Tumang, cut his flesh into pieces and took it home to his mother. She prepared a tasty dish of it and after the meal she asked:
“Sangkuriang, what kind of flesh is this? It is delicious!”
“This is Tumang, mother,” Sangkuriang responded calmly. For a moment Dayang Sumbi was speechless. Then, in rage she took a spool and flung it at him. It struck his forehead and blood dropped out of the wound. This left on a scar on the spot. Then Dayang Sumbi sent him away. Deeply grieved, Sangkuriang left and wandered through the woods.
After some years he returned to his native place, but did not recognize it any longer. In front of a house on stilts, he saw a young girl sitting at a weaving-loom. He approached her and, charmed by her beauty, he immediately proposed to her-unaware that she was his own mother.
For some time, they loved each other tenderly, making plans for their wedding day, but one day, she discovered the scar on his forehead. “That wound!” she whispered, and at that moment she realized that he was her own son.
After being left by Sangkuriang, Dayang Sumbi had been given eternal beauty by the gods, which was way she looked so young and Sangkuriang did not recognize her as his mother.
She made an effort to make him understand that a marriage between them was impossible. But Sangkuriang refused to accept the truth and was determined to get his own way. “What is to be done?” Dayang Sumbi pondered. She had an idea and said to him: “all right then, you shall marry me only on condition that you fulfill a wish of mine. Dam up the Citarum River and build a big vessel, which we shall use after being married. But you have only one nigh to complete the work” Sangkuriang agreed and started to work. Near daybreak he approached the end, in spit of his magic powers and prayers to the god for help. Noticing this, Dayang Sumbi got alarmed and hatched another plan to prevent the marriage. She stretched the red woven veil which covered her head over the eastern side of the plain. Through her magic powers, red light spread over the landscape, giving the impression that time was up for Sangkuriang. He was astonished.
“In vain!” he shouted in despair and at the same time, filled with rage, he kicked the vessel-which was almost finished-upside down. Then he went south, for he Indian ocean. He had not gone very far when the water of the lake rose and overflowed its banks, dragging everything in its way. Sangkuriang himself had no chance of escape and with all his workers he was driven away.
Some time later, the lake dried up. The mountain of Tangkuban prahu on the northern side of Bandung is thought to be the overturned vessel of Sangkuriang.
Tangkuban perahu are place is very exact f
or a tour with your family, we invite you going to Tangkuban perahu .
There are some large umberellas and some chair under the umberella.
In front of the bromo there is a …… It is surrounded by some beautiful flowers. There is a large swimming pool. The pool is divided into two parts, one for adults and one for children.

THE LEGEND OF BANYUWANGI



Once upon a time, there reigned in east java a king named Sindureja. He had a prime minister named Sidapaksa. Had a very beautiful wife.

Sidapaksa loved his wife deeply. They lived in complete happiness.However,Sidapaksa’s mother didn’t like her daughter-in-law. Each day she tried to think a way to separate Sidapaksa from his wife.

One day, king Sindureja asked Sidapaksa to search for the bud of a magic flower on mount Ijen. It was a long and dangerous journey. The assignment from the king was so important and urgent. Sidapaksa had to leave his pregnant wife.

Not long afterwards, a son was born. The baby’s birth gave much happiness to the young mother. However, one day, while this young mother was bathing, her evil mother-in-low threw the baby into the river. Knowing that her baby had disappeared, the young mother was very sad. She could neither eat nor sleep. She became very ill.
Two years passed and Sidapaksa returned from his journey. He succeeded in doing his duty. Just as he was about to enter his house, her mother told him that his wife had thrown their baby into the river.

Sidapaksa believed his mother’s story. He was too angry to use his common sense. He drew his kris and approached his wife who was lying weak on her bed.
“Ah, wicked women. Tell me why you threw our new-born child into the river. Tell me” he said in a rough and angry voice.
“Oh, my dearest husband. I am innocent. I love you, and our baby. I didn’t kill our child. If you don’t believe me, carry me to the river. I will prove that I didn’t do it,” replied his wife calmly.
Sidapaksa took her wife to the edge of the river. Suddenly, his wife leaped up and threw herself into the river.
“Oh my God ! How will I know who killed my child?” moaned sidapaksa.

Then he looked down at the water. Suddenly, two pure whit flower-buds appeared, one larger and taller than the other. A sweet fragrance came from them.
“Sidapaksa, look here! Beside me is our child. He himself will tell you who drowned him,” the teller one spoke.
“Father, my mother is innocent. Grandmother threw me into the river. Now I’m happy because my beloved mother has come with me,” the smaller one spoke. Then, the two flowers vanished into the water. They left their fragrance behind.

Sine then, people call the city on its banks of the river Banyuwangi. Banyu means water and wangi means fragrant.

THE LEGEND FROM BANDUNG “RORO JONGRANG” THAT BROKEN NOSE CURSED PRINCESS



 
A long time ago in Prambanan palace lived a king named Baka with his beautiful daughter Roro Jongrang. Many rulers wanted to marry Roro Jograng, so they competed for her. When Bandung Bondowoso conquered Prambanan, he killed king Baka in a battle.
Bandung Bondowoso let Roro Jongrang live, but she was supposed to marry Bandung. She refused, making Bandung humiliated and offended. Roro Jograng struggled to escape, but it was in vain.
Finally Roro agreed to marry Bandung, but on one condition. Bandung had to present a big wonderful palace with one thousand sculptures in it. And he had to finish it before the sun rose. He agreed.
Bandung immediately called his invisible friend for help. They did what their master ordered. Knowing it, Roro was worried. It appeared they would finish the work before morning, and would not stop.
What can I do? Roro thought in a panic. Suddenly she had an idea. She awoke her maids and nannies, and asked them to do their daily routines as if morning had come. They also made shadow as if there was a sun in the sky.
Bandung was surprised. The sky was red, the roosters crowed, and the people pounded rice. Meanwhile the job had not been finished. The evil spirits disappeared because they were scared of light.
Bandung was there alone. When he found out that Roro had used tricks he cursed her. He turned her into a stone, which completed the temples. Even today, the statue of Roro Jongrang remains in the temple.

Tuesday, April 10, 2012

Military Solution Indonesian Style


Early in the morning on October 1st, 1965, Colonel Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, the commander of the Para-commando Brigade (RPKAD), held a briefing with his deputy Major C. I. Santosa, about the radio broadcast announcing the establishment of the obscured September 30 Movement (G30S) led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung a). While they were puzzling about the declaration, Captain Herman Sarens came in driving a panzer submitting a note from General Soeharto: “The situation is very critical. I, therefore, take over the Army Command in Chief. Try to meet me soon.”
Suspecting that Sarens could be the proponent of the movement, Sarwo Edhie didn’t want to take the risk and arrested him immediately. He sent, instead, his aide Captain Daryono to meet General Soeharto at the headquarters of the Army Strategic Command (Kostrad), located at the eastern side of Merdeka (now National Monument) Square, to get the whole picture of the situation. Having got the information, Sarwo Edhie released Sarens.

Once Upon Time in Indonesia


Amir Sjarifoedin? Certainly He Was a Traitor

As a national leader he did not want to show even a slightest empathy for people’s struggle in Surabaya against the menacing British forces.  His mind seemed to be deeply absorbed by his personal agenda for preparing a youth congress in Yogyakarta to establish which later was known as the Indonesian Socialist Youth (Pesindo).
After Japan occupied Indonesia in 1942, Amir Sjarifoedin was one of the under covered communists who was eager to cooperate with the exiled Dutch colonial administration. He received a quite handsome ransom from Dutch’s secret fund for him to establish intelligence activities. Amir Sjarifoedin had undoubtedly  an intimate network with Dutch which might be secretly resumed later when he became Prime Minister in 1947.
When his activities were uncovered by Kempetai, the Japan secret agent, they gave him a death sentence. Under the request of Soekarno and Hatta the Japan occupation administration agreed to save his life. Later on, when people knew about his collaboration with Dutch, he defended himself by justifying that, as a communist, what he did was in line with the Dimitrov Doctrine b)
Obviously Amir Sjarifoedin’s justification uncovered his true identity which so far was zealously covered. Since then, no communist figures contributed to the Indonesian struggle against Dutch who liked to restore their authority. But in 1947, a sudden change happened at the communists’ attitude in line with the change of the Commintern strategy to readopt Zhdanov doctrine c).
Many of Indonesian communists abroad came back  to Indonesia to implement  the new strategy. Some openly joined Communist Party (PKI), others covertly joined non communist organizations. Amir Sjarifoedin, himself, who hitherto known as a socialist, succeeded to become the Vice Chairman of Sjahrir’s party.